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AndyinPA
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#151

Post by AndyinPA »

I saw that last night. Very good.
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#152

Post by Suranis »

https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/anci ... ury/?amp=1
25 September 2022 /

Ellen Phiddian
Ancient Mayan cities are heavily contaminated with mercury
Some Mayans appeared to be fond of the toxic substance.

Some ancient Mayan cities have dangerously high levels of mercury pollution.

A review in Frontiers in Environmental Science has shown that this mercury pollution comes from the ancient Mayans, who appeared to use a lot of the compound at certain points in their long history.

“Mercury pollution in the environment is usually found in contemporary urban areas and industrial landscapes,” says lead author Dr Duncan Cook, an associate professor of geography at the Australian Catholic University.

“Discovering mercury buried deep in soils and sediments in ancient Maya cities is difficult to explain, until we begin to consider the archaeology of the region which tells us that the Maya were using mercury for centuries.”

The international team of researchers reviewed all the available data on mercury contamination at ten different archaeological Mayan sites.

Seven of the ten sites had mercury contamination in at least one location. These sites were mostly from the Late Classic period, during the latter half of the first millennium CE. All of the sites had been abandoned by the 10th Century.
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#153

Post by Tiredretiredlawyer »

Fascinating mercury article, Suranis.
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#154

Post by johnpcapitalist »

Suranis wrote: Sat Oct 08, 2022 5:48 pm https://cosmosmagazine.com/history/anci ... ury/?amp=1
25 September 2022 /

Ellen Phiddian
Ancient Mayan cities are heavily contaminated with mercury
Some Mayans appeared to be fond of the toxic substance.

Some ancient Mayan cities have dangerously high levels of mercury pollution.

A review in Frontiers in Environmental Science has shown that this mercury pollution comes from the ancient Mayans, who appeared to use a lot of the compound at certain points in their long history.
We tend to romanticize ancient civilizations, thinking that just because they had primitive technology, they were into healthy living and that they lived in ecological balance with nature. It was well known that in medieval times, the force of England were heavily over -logged in order to provide material for warships. Here's another example.

But this trend of mistakenly over-romanticizing and projecting healthy living onto ancient beings goes back much further than the Mayans:
066fa699dc992eb3f3aa45bd6c054b7f--far-side-cartoons-funny-cartoons.jpg
066fa699dc992eb3f3aa45bd6c054b7f--far-side-cartoons-funny-cartoons.jpg (69.7 KiB) Viewed 10621 times
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#155

Post by RTH10260 »

Australia’s oldest known intact Aboriginal rock painting is a kangaroo
Dated with a new radiocarbon technique

24 Feb 2021
by Archaeology Newsroom A A A

A two-metre-long painting of a kangaroo in a northeast Kimberley rock shelter on Balanggarra Country has been identified as Australia’s oldest intact rock painting.

A University of Melbourne collaboration used the radiocarbon dating of 27 mud wasp nests, collected from over and under 16 similar paintings. The painting itself has been dated to between 17,500 and 17,100 years old.

The exciting new radiocarbon technique has been pioneered by Postdoctoral Researcher Dr Damien Finch.

“This is a significant find as through these initial estimates, we can understand something of the world these ancient artists lived in. We can never know what was in the mind of the artist when he/she painted this piece of work more than 600 generations ago, but we do know that the Naturalistic period extended back into the Last Ice Age, so the environment was cooler and dryer than today,” Dr Finch said.

One of the world’s premier rock art regions, the Kimberley preserves galleries of paintings in rock shelters, for millennia. Many of them many of them were painted over by younger artists.

The Kimberley-based research is part of Australia’s largest rock art dating project, led by Professor Andy Gleadow from the University of Melbourne. It involves the Balanggarra Aboriginal Corporation, the Universities of Western Australia, Wollongong, and Manchester, the Australian National Science and Technology Organisation, and partners Rock Art Australia and Dunkeld Pastoral.




https://www.archaeology.wiki/blog/2021/ ... -kangaroo/
Image

https://scitechdaily.com/check-out-aust ... s-old/amp/



other rock art

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#156

Post by Volkonski »

“If everyone fought for their own convictions there would be no war.” ― Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace
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#157

Post by RTH10260 »

DNA of 13 Neanderthals reveals ‘exciting’ snapshot of ancient community
Analysis of remains found in southern Siberia shows interconnecting web of relationships

Ian Sample Science editor
Wed 19 Oct 2022 16.00 BST

The first snapshot of a Neanderthal community has been pieced together by scientists who examined ancient DNA from fragments of bone and teeth unearthed in caves in southern Siberia.

Researchers analysed DNA from 13 Neanderthal men, women and children and found an interconnecting web of relationships, including a father and his teenage daughter, another man related to the father, and two second-degree relatives, possibly an aunt and her nephew.

All of the Neanderthals were heavily inbred, a consequence, the researchers believe, of the Neanderthals’ small population size, with communities scattered over vast distances and numbering only about 10 to 30 individuals.

Laurits Skov, first author on the study at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig, said the fact that the Neanderthals were alive at the same time was “very exciting” and implied that they belonged to a single social community.

Neanderthal remains have been recovered from numerous caves across western Eurasia – territory the heavy-browed humans occupied from about 430,000 years ago until they became extinct 40,000 years ago. It has previously been impossible to tell whether Neanderthals found at particular sites belonged to communities or not.

“Neanderthal remains in general, and remains with preserved DNA in particular, are extremely rare,” said Benjamin Peter, a senior author on the study in Leipzig. “We tend to get single individuals from sites often thousands of kilometres, and tens of thousand of years apart.”



https://www.theguardian.com/science/202 ... -community
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#158

Post by RTH10260 »

was Sterngard its former owner?
Oldest known written sentence discovered – on a head-lice comb
Timeless fret over hygiene picked out on engraved Bronze age comb from ancient kingdom of Judah

Ian Sample Science editor
Wed 9 Nov 2022 04.00 GMT

It’s a simple sentence that captures the hopes and fears of modern-day parents as much as the bronze age Canaanite who owned the doubled-edged ivory comb on which the words appear.

Believed to be the oldest known sentence written in the earliest alphabet, the inscription on the luxury item reads: “May this tusk root out the lice of the hair and the beard.”

Unearthed in Lachish, a Canaanite city state in the second millennium BCE and the second most important city in the kingdom of Judah, the comb suggests that humans have endured lice for thousands of years and that even the wealthiest were not spared the grim infestations.

“The inscription is very human,” said Prof Yosef Garfinkel, an archaeologist at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, who helped direct the Lachish excavations. “You have a comb and on the comb you have a wish to destroy lice on the hair and beard. Nowadays we have all these sprays and modern medicines and poisons. In the past they didn’t have those.”

The comb, which measures 3.5cm by 2.5cm, was discovered at the site in 2017, but the shallow engravings on the surface were only spotted in December last year. Analysis of the markings confirmed the writing to be Canaanite script, the earliest alphabet, which was invented about 3,800 years ago.



https://www.theguardian.com/science/202 ... -lice-comb
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#159

Post by RTH10260 »

Article is written story like and not good for quoting, please read at link, includes pictures
‘It’s as if we found oil’: Tuscan town savours discovery of spa trove
San Casciano dei Bagni’s fortunes expected to change after opulent Etruscan-Roman sanctuary found

Angela Giuffrida in San Casciano dei Bagni
Fri 11 Nov 2022 14.56 GMT


https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/ ... -sanctuary
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#160

Post by Liz »

Eating fresh water fish made us human.... ? ..read the link.
Oldest evidence of the controlled use of fire to cook food, researchers report.
The needle moved from 170,000 years ago to 780,000 years.... so, that's what it will be until an older is found. The chances of the GBY site being the oldest is slim to none. ...same for the 23,000 year White Sands footprints.
A close analysis of the remains of a carp-like fish found at the Gesher Benot Ya'aqov (GBY) archaeological site in Israel shows that the fish were cooked roughly 780,000 years ago. Cooking is defined as the ability to process food by controlling the temperature at which it is heated and includes a wide range of methods. Until now, the earliest evidence of cooking dates to approximately 170,000 years ago. The question of when early man began using fire to cook food has been the subject of much scientific discussion for over a century.
HU's Goren-Inbar added that the archaeological site of GBY documents a continuum of repeated settlement by groups of hunter-gatherers on the shores of the ancient Hula Lake which lasting tens of thousands of years. "These groups made use of the rich array of resources provided by the ancient Hula Valley and left behind a long settlement continuum with over 20 settlement strata," Goren-Inbar explained. The excavations at the site have uncovered the material culture of these ancient hominins, including flint, basalt, and limestone tools, as well as their food sources, which were characterized by a rich diversity of plant species from the lake and its shores (including fruit, nuts, and seeds) and by many species of land mammals, both medium-sized and large.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 111017.htm
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#161

Post by RTH10260 »

Eating fish from the barbeque rather than eating shashimi made us human? :confuzzled: :think:
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#162

Post by RTH10260 »

Gold coin proves 'fake' Roman emperor was real - BBC News

BBC News
24 Nov 2022

An ancient gold coin proves that a third century Roman emperor written out of history as a fictional character really did exist, scientists have said.

The coin bearing the name of Sponsian and his portrait was found more than 300 years ago in Transylvania, once a far-flung outpost of the Roman empire.

Believed to be a fake, it had been locked away in a museum cupboard.

Now scientists have said scratch marks visible under a microscope prove that it was in circulation 2,000 years ago.

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#163

Post by PaulG »

Liz wrote: Sun Nov 27, 2022 7:47 pm Eating fresh water fish made us human.... ? ..read the link.
Oldest evidence of the controlled use of fire to cook food, researchers report.
The needle moved from 170,000 years ago to 780,000 years.... so, that's what it will be until an older is found. The chances of the GBY site being the oldest is slim to none. ...same for the 23,000 year White Sands footprints.
A close analysis of the remains of a carp-like fish found at the Gesher Benot Ya'aqov (GBY) archaeological site in Israel shows that the fish were cooked roughly 780,000 years ago. Cooking is defined as the ability to process food by controlling the temperature at which it is heated and includes a wide range of methods. Until now, the earliest evidence of cooking dates to approximately 170,000 years ago. The question of when early man began using fire to cook food has been the subject of much scientific discussion for over a century.
HU's Goren-Inbar added that the archaeological site of GBY documents a continuum of repeated settlement by groups of hunter-gatherers on the shores of the ancient Hula Lake which lasting tens of thousands of years. "These groups made use of the rich array of resources provided by the ancient Hula Valley and left behind a long settlement continuum with over 20 settlement strata," Goren-Inbar explained. The excavations at the site have uncovered the material culture of these ancient hominins, including flint, basalt, and limestone tools, as well as their food sources, which were characterized by a rich diversity of plant species from the lake and its shores (including fruit, nuts, and seeds) and by many species of land mammals, both medium-sized and large.
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 111017.htm
Here is a video from a Youtube-er that I follow covering the discovery in detail. The question she asks that I find intriguing is, who was doing the cooking?

As Gutsick Gibbon says, "very cool".
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#164

Post by PaulG »

RTH10260 wrote: Sun Nov 27, 2022 11:17 pm
Gold coin proves 'fake' Roman emperor was real - BBC News

BBC News
24 Nov 2022

An ancient gold coin proves that a third century Roman emperor written out of history as a fictional character really did exist, scientists have said.

The coin bearing the name of Sponsian and his portrait was found more than 300 years ago in Transylvania, once a far-flung outpost of the Roman empire.

Believed to be a fake, it had been locked away in a museum cupboard.

Now scientists have said scratch marks visible under a microscope prove that it was in circulation 2,000 years ago.
:snippity:
I love this story. Here is a bit from The Guardian.
Dr Adrastos Omissi, of the University of Glasgow, who was not involved in the research, described the analysis as “a brilliant piece of work”. “I think they’ve made a really convincing argument for the existence of Sponsian and of him being a real emperor,” he said, adding that the late 3rd century was a period of such turbulence and unrest that “the bar for being an emperor was very low”.
Romania is where the Romans got their gold. Romania used to be called Dacia, an independent culture, but the Romans wanted the gold so, ...
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#165

Post by Liz »

PaulG wrote: Mon Nov 28, 2022 2:42 am As Gutsick Gibbon says, "very cool".
Way cool. She explained it well... I was thinking Neandertal.
Homo Erectus were smart
While establishing evidence for early use of fire, it is difficult to
determine with certainty whether this fire was ‘‘collected’’ by
hominins from a natural source or whether they had the ability to
set fire at will. However, fire was used continually at the site of GBY,
and it is unlikely that the Acheulian hominins were compelled to
collect or re-invent it over and over again. Rather, the fact that fire
was repetitively used throughout the occupational sequence
suggests that the knowledge of fire-making and the technological
skills of the Acheulian hominins of GBY enabled them to set fire at
will and in diverse environmental settings on the damp lake-shore.
These Acheulian hominins most likely possessed the technological
ability to make fire throughout the long duration estimated for the
entire stratigraphic sequence of the site (ca 100 Ka). Thus, the
evidence from GBY suggests that the ability to make fire was an
integral part of the Acheulian tool kit.
From a global perspective, the Acheulians of GBY are representatives of a fundamentally significant event in human
evolution and dispersal. The site of GBY displays the introduction of African stone-knapping traditions into the Levantine
Corridor, reflecting a wave of human migration out of Africa.
Possible evidence for the use of fire at African sites dating from
1.5–1.0 Ma may suggest that the knowledge of fire-making at
GBY reflects an additional African tradition. The recorded
controlled use of fire by the Acheulian hominins of GBY, in
a geographical position midway along the route out of Africa
and into Eurasia, further implies that the ability to control and
maintain fire may have been a beneficial factor for human
migration out of Africa. The powerful tool of fire-making
provided ancient hominins with confidence, enabling them to
leave their early circumscribed surroundings and eventually
populate new, unfamiliar environments.
Fire Making
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#166

Post by AndyinPA »

https://apnews.com/article/uk-dig-revea ... ff2ae56e98

LONDON (AP) — A 1,300-year-old gold and gemstone necklace found on the site of a new housing development marks the grave of a powerful woman who may have been an early Christian religious leader in Britain, archaeologists said Tuesday.

Experts say the necklace, uncovered with other items near Northampton in central England, is part of the most significant early medieval burial of a woman ever found in the U.K.

The woman is long gone – some tooth enamel is all that remains. But scientists say her long-buried trove will shed new light on life in 7th century England, a time when Christianity was battling with paganism for people’s allegiance.

The items are “a definite statement of wealth as well as Christian faith,” said Lyn Blackmore, a senior finds specialist at Museum of London Archaeology, which made the discovery.
"Choose your leaders with wisdom and forethought. To be led by a coward is to be controlled by all that the coward fears… To be led by a liar is to ask to be told lies." -Octavia E. Butler
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#167

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Notre Dame’s uncovered tombs start to reveal their secrets
Two sarcophaguses unearthed in reconstruction work after 2019 fire identified as elite canon of cathedral and young cavalier

Kim Willsher in Paris
Fri 9 Dec 2022 18.25 GMT

Two lead sarcophaguses discovered buried under the nave at Notre Dame Cathedral in what was described as an “extraordinary and emotional” find have begun giving up their secrets, French scientists announced on Friday.

The first contains the remains of a high priest who died in 1710 after what experts say appeared to be a sedentary life. The occupant of the second has not yet been identified – and may never be – but is believed to be a young, wealthy and privileged noble who could have lived as far back as the 14th century.

The tombs were uncovered as part of a cache of statues, sculptures and fragments of the cathedral’s original 13th-century rood screen buried under the floor of the transept crossing at the heart of the cathedral that was ravaged by fire in April 2019.

The burial sites were described as of “remarkable scientific quality” and were found after a preventive dig under the floor where heavy scaffolding is to be erected to install the cathedral’s new spire.

While most of the treasures were discovered barely 20cm (8in) under the cathedral floor, a body-shaped lead sarcophagus was buried one metre deep.




https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/ ... ir-secrets
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#168

Post by John Thomas8 »

Always enjoyed Phil during the first run of Time Team, this is interesting, too:

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#169

Post by PaulG »

John Thomas8 wrote: Tue Dec 13, 2022 11:01 am Always enjoyed Phil during the first run of Time Team, this is interesting, too:

I shall watch these immediately! (Looks like Phil is being reborn as Mick Aston.)
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#170

Post by John Thomas8 »

Sir Robinson is back:

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#171

Post by RTH10260 »

More than 100 new designs discovered in Peru’s ancient Nazca plain
Findings this month of geoglyphs, which date back more than 2,000 years, are smaller and can be seen from the ground

Reuters in Lima
Mon 19 Dec 2022 18.29 GMT

More than 100 new designs discovered in and around Peru’s ancient Nazca plain and surrounding areas could bring new information to light about the mysterious pre-Columbian artworks that have intrigued scientists and visitors for decades.

Following two years of field surveys with aerial photos and drones, Peruvian and Japanese researches from Yamagata University earlier this month reported the discovery of 168 new designs at the Unesco World Heritage site on Peru’s southern Pacific coast.

The geoglyphs, huge figures carved into the South American desert, date back more than 2,000 years and represent humans, cats, snakes, killer whales, birds and native camalids – animals such as llamas, guanacos and alpacas.

Jorge Olano, head archaeologist for the Nazca Lines research program, said the newly discovered figures averaged between 2 and 6 meters (6.56 to 19.7ft) in length. The purpose of the Nazca Lines, which could only be seen from the air, remains a mystery.

This month’s findings, however, are smaller and can be seen from the ground, Masato Sakai, a professor from Yamagata University who led the study, told Reuters.

The figures, iconic vestiges of Peru’s rich history, are about a three-hour drive from the capital, Lima.




https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/ ... discovered
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#172

Post by AndyinPA »

One of the coolest things I've ever done is fly over the Nazca Lines in a small plane, dipping this way and that so that everyone on the plane could get to see them. Not for those without strong stomachs. There was a first-aid station when you got off the plane.
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#173

Post by RTH10260 »

Article tells a story, not good to quote from. Essentially a human engraved rock piece was recovered.

Please read at link
Rock stars: how a group of scientists in South Africa rescued a rare 500kg chunk of human history

Charles Helm, Research Associate, African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University and Jan Carlo De Vynck, Director and research fellow, African Centre for Coastal Palaeoscience, Nelson Mandela University, Nelson Mandela UniversityS

Sun, December 25, 2022 at 4:26 PM GMT+1



https://www.yahoo.com/news/rock-stars-g ... 22422.html
(original: The Conversation)
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Traces of mammoth blood reveal how indigenous North Americans hunted them, study shows

Brendan Rascius
Thu, December 22, 2022 at 9:47 PM GMT+1

Early indigenous North Americans hunted and butchered mammoths, a new study suggests.

Stone tools unearthed in Ontario, Canada, years ago were recently put through a battery of tests to determine if traces of organic material could be identified, according to research published in the journal of Archaeological Science on Dec. 14.

A single intact biface, a tool sharpened on both sides, was examined in addition to fragments of many other tools, researchers said, adding that they were estimated to be around 11,000 years old.

Researchers studied the prehistoric tools under a microscope to determine the characteristics and locations of various residues, which included “smear-like” organic material and soil sediments.

A scraper and a wedge were among the six tools identified as potential hosts of organic residue, researchers said.

These were then sent to a lab in Oregon for forensic analysis, which involved testing protein residues from the artifacts against the blood serum of known animals, researchers said. Blood from an Asian elephant, deer and horse was used, among other animals.

One tool, a graver – a square-shape shard about 5 centimeters in length – tested positive against the Asian elephant’s blood serum, researchers said.

Given that mammoths and elephants are closely related, the finding suggests, “for the first time,” according to researchers, that early indigenous people might have hunted and butchered mammoths or mastodons, which share a resemblance and are both members of the proboscidean family.

“The theory has been out there a long time that we certainly hunted down mastodons in the past, and then finding this physical evidence of that, it’s an archaeologists’ delight,” Rick Hill, a former advisor to the archaeological site in Ontario, told CBC.

Mammoths, which weighed as much as five cars, first entered North America over 1 million years ago, moving southward from Canada, according to the National Park Service.




https://www.yahoo.com/news/traces-mammo ... 59148.html
(original: Miami Herald)
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#175

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Remains of ancient shaman suggest early humans undertook ‘vast’ migrations, study says

Brendan Rascius
Fri, January 13, 2023 at 9:56 PM GMT+1

The genetic makeup of a newfound hunter-gatherer population indicates early humans migrated over vast distances, including back and forth between Asia and North America.

The migration patterns were uncovered by analyzing the remains of 10 prehistoric individuals found near Siberia, Russia, according to a study published in the journal Current Biology on Jan. 12.

The remains date as far back as 7,500 years ago and include the skeleton of a 6,500-year-old shaman found in a cave with religious attire.

DNA research revealed the remains of the individuals, with the exception of the shaman, belonged to a previously unknown early human population known as the Altai, a mixture of two groups that occupied Siberia during the Ice Age, the study explained.

The Altai, a hunter-gatherer community, were found to be genetically linked to many successive populations across Siberia, Central Asia and East Asia, indicating a high degree of mobility amongst these Neolithic humans, the study said.

In addition to fanning out across the Asian continent, relatives of the Altai journeyed thousands of miles to the Bering Land Bridge, where some crossed over into North America. Several phases of “Native American-related gene flow” occurred in both directions, according to the study.

As a result of this considerable movement, current Native American populations share an “extra genetic affinity” with the Altai population.




https://www.yahoo.com/news/remains-anci ... 52818.html
(original: Miami Herald)
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