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The Oceans

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AndyinPA
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The Oceans

#1

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... scientists
The Atlantic Ocean circulation that underpins the Gulf Stream, the weather system that brings warm and mild weather to Europe, is at its weakest in more than a millennium, and climate breakdown is the probable cause, according to new data.

Further weakening of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) could result in more storms battering the UK, more intense winters and an increase in damaging heatwaves and droughts across Europe.

Scientists predict that the AMOC will weaken further if global heating continues, and could reduce by about 34% to 45% by the end of this century, which could bring us close to a “tipping point” at which the system could become irrevocably unstable. A weakened Gulf Stream would also raise sea levels on the Atlantic coast of the US, with potentially disastrous consequences.

Stefan Rahmstorf, of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, who co-authored the study published on Thursday in Nature Geoscience, told the Guardian that a weakening AMOC would increase the number and severity of storms hitting Britain, and bring more heatwaves to Europe.
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Re: The Oceans

#2

Post by Volkonski »

In the Atlantic Ocean, Subtle Shifts Hint at Dramatic Dangers
The warming atmosphere is causing an arm of the powerful Gulf Stream to weaken, some scientists fear.


https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/202 ... nytclimate
IT’S ONE OF THE MIGHTIEST RIVERS you will never see, carrying some 30 times more water than all the world’s freshwater rivers combined. In the North Atlantic, one arm of the Gulf Stream breaks toward Iceland, transporting vast amounts of warmth far northward, by one estimate supplying Scandinavia with heat equivalent to 78,000 times its current energy use. Without this current — a heat pump on a planetary scale — scientists believe that great swaths of the world might look quite different.

Now, a spate of studies, including one published last week, suggests this northern portion of the Gulf Stream and the deep ocean currents it’s connected to may be slowing. Pushing the bounds of oceanography, scientists have slung necklace-like sensor arrays across the Atlantic to better understand the complex network of currents that the Gulf Stream belongs to, not only at the surface, but hundreds of feet deep.

“We’re all wishing it’s not true,” Peter de Menocal, a paleoceanographer and president and director of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, said of the changing ocean currents. “Because if that happens, it’s just a monstrous change.”

The consequences could include faster sea level rise along parts of the Eastern United States and parts of Europe, stronger hurricanes barreling into the Southeastern United States, and perhaps most ominously, reduced rainfall across the Sahel, a semi-arid swath of land running the width of Africa that is already a geopolitical tinderbox.
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Re: The Oceans

#3

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https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-ne ... kyOTA0NQS2
The coastal waters of Northern California are changing. A decade ago, hundreds of miles of the rugged seaside were flanked by thick, swaying underwater forests of amber-green bull kelp that were home to fish, abalone and a host of other species. Now, those forests have been nearly wiped out by a series of environmental events that have been falling like ill-fated dominos since 2013.
Bull kelp forest

A new study using satellite imagery and underwater surveys is the latest to confirm that these majestic marine ecosystems have all but disappeared, reports Tara Duggan for the San Francisco Chronicle. Satellite images dating back to 1985 show that bull kelp forests off Sonoma and Mendocino counties have declined by a devastating 95 percent since 2013, and, according to the Chronicle, researchers are concerned the kelp may not be able to bounce back anytime soon.

The results, reported last week in the journal Communications Biology, are the first to use satellite images to quantify the ecological losses that have racked up over the last eight years, the Associated Press reports. Across the more than 200 miles of coast encompassed by the study, kelp forests have been almost completely replaced by barren stretches of sea floor covered in spiky purple sea urchins.

Purple sea urchins are marine grazers that love to munch on kelp, and in 2013 one of their biggest predators, the sunflower sea star, abruptly started wasting away due to a still-mysterious disease that has ravaged the many-armed invertebrates from Mexico to Alaska.
Urchin barren
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Re: The Oceans

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... nformation
A remarkable new study on how whales behaved when attacked by humans in the 19th century has implications for the way they react to changes wreaked by humans in the 21st century.

The paper, published by the Royal Society on Wednesday, is authored by Hal Whitehead and Luke Rendell, pre-eminent scientists working with cetaceans, and Tim D Smith, a data scientist, and their research addresses an age-old question: if whales are so smart, why did they hang around to be killed? The answer? They didn’t.

Using newly digitised logbooks detailing the hunting of sperm whales in the north Pacific, the authors discovered that within just a few years, the strike rate of the whalers’ harpoons fell by 58%. This simple fact leads to an astonishing conclusion: that information about what was happening to them was being collectively shared among the whales, who made vital changes to their behaviour. As their culture made fatal first contact with ours, they learned quickly from their mistakes.
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https://www.rawstory.com/south-jersey-h ... udy-finds/
PHILADELPHIA — A new study led by Rutgers University that looked at sea level rise at six locations on the East Coast over the last 2,000 years found that levels rose twice as fast in the 20th century compared with previous eras, and that South Jersey experienced the highest rates overall.

:snippity:

The study looked at three locations in New Jersey: Leeds Point in Atlantic County, Cape May Court House in Cape May County, and Cheesequake State Park in Middlesex County. They also looked at East River Marsh in Connecticut, Pelham Bay in the Bronx, and Roanoke Island in North Carolina.

“We looked at the breakdown of processes contributing to sea-level rise at individual sites over the last 2,000 years to look at the influence of each contribution and how the contributions change over time,” lead author Jennifer Walker, a postdoctoral associate at Rutgers’ Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences in New Brunswick, said in an email.

She found that the sinking of land because of a retreat of the massive Laurentide ice sheet thousands of years ago, played the biggest factor in sea level rise for all locations over the 2,000-year span. The ice sheet, which covered all of Canada and most of the northern part of the U.S., placed megatons of pressure that bore down on the Earth for thousands of years causing land to bulge in certain areas such as the East Coast. When it retreated, the bulges began to collapse, causing the land to slowly sink. The sinking will continue for thousands of years into the future.
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Re: The Oceans

#6

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... s-globally
Swirling and meandering ocean currents that help shape the world’s climate have gone through a “global-scale reorganisation” over the past three decades, according to new research.

The amount of energy in these ocean currents, which can be from 10km to 100km across and are known as eddies, has increased, having as yet unknown affects on the ocean’s ability to lock-away carbon dioxide and heat from fossil fuel burning.

One expert said the changes described in the research could affect the ability of the Southern Ocean, one of the world’s biggest natural carbon stores, to absorb CO2.

The study, published in the journal Nature Climate Change, analysed the temperature and height of the ocean with the help of data from altimeters on satellites from 1993 until 2020.
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Re: The Oceans

#7

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... tudy-shows
The massive melting of glaciers as a result of global heating has caused marked shifts in the Earth’s axis of rotation since the 1990s, research has shown. It demonstrates the profound impact humans are having on the planet, scientists said.

The planet’s geographic north and south poles are the point where its axis of rotation intersects the surface, but they are not fixed. Changes in how the Earth’s mass is distributed around the planet cause the axis, and therefore the poles, to move.

In the past, only natural factors such as ocean currents and the convection of hot rock in the deep Earth contributed to the drifting position of the poles. But the new research shows that since the 1990s, the loss of hundreds of billions of tonnes of ice a year into the oceans resulting from the climate crisis has caused the poles to move in new directions.

The scientists found the direction of polar drift shifted from southward to eastward in 1995 and that the average speed of drift from 1995 to 2020 was 17 times faster than from 1981 to 1995.
:eek:
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#8

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... ting-study
Giant distant-water fishing fleets, primarily from China, are switching off their tracking beacons to evade detection while they engage in a possibly illegal hunt for squid and other lucrative species on the very edge of Argentina’s extensive fishing grounds, according to a new study by Oceana, an international NGO dedicated to ocean conservation.
Cat and mouse on the high seas: on the trail of China's vast squid fleet
Read more

Every year, vessels crowd together along the limits of Argentina’s Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) to take advantage of the lucrative fishing grounds.

By monitoring the ships’ tracking beacons between January 2018 and April 2021, Oceana found that more than 800 vessels apparently conducted nearly 900,000 hours of fishing within 20 nautical miles of the invisible border between Argentina’s national waters and the high seas.

“During this three-and-a-half-year period, there were over 6,000 instances in which these fishing vessels appeared to go ‘dark’ by potentially disabling their electronic tracking devices, known as Automatic Identification Systems (AIS),” says the report, published on Wednesday, titled, Now You See Me, Now You Don’t: Vanishing Vessels Along Argentina’s Waters.

In all, these vessels were “hidden” for over 600,000 hours during which Oceana suspects they crossed over into Argentina’s territorial waters for illegal fishing.
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Re: The Oceans

#9

Post by Maybenaut »

This stuff is so interesting to me.

One of my jobs in the Coast Guard (long before I became a JAG), was communications in support of enforcing the United States’ Economic Exclusion Zone in the Bering Sea. C-130 aircraft from Air Station Kodiak would fly these grid patterns looking for foreign-flagged fishing vessels and report what they found.

The National Marine Fisheries Service sets the dates of the fishing seasons, and sets the limits on how much of a species can be taken during the season (and depending on the species, it can get pretty complicated with respect to how much each individual fishing boat can take, often related to how much they took in previous seasons). The NMFS also does enforcement dock-side, assessing fines or penalties if the catch is too large or contains too high a percentage of out-of-season by-catch.

But it’s the Coast Guard who enforces the EEZ out in the high seas. There will be NMFS observers on the Coast Guard boats, and the Coast Guard does boarding to inspect the holds.

Back then (mid-1980s) it was all pretty routine. There was more excitement in the search-and-rescue mission than fisheries enforcement. But we did get a call from the fishing vessel Katie K saying she was fishing for crab off of Little Diomede Island (the last island in the Aleutian chain), and was approached by Soviet gun boats, who threatened to board her. She left her fishing gear and returned to Alaskan waters until a Coast Guard cutter could escort her and two other crab boats into the disputed waters and retrieve their pots. That all happened without incident.
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Re: The Oceans

#10

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https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/ ... tudy-finds
Sea ice across much of the Arctic is thinning twice as fast as previously thought, researchers have found.

Arctic ice is melting as the climate crisis drives up temperatures, resulting in a vicious circle in which more dark water is exposed to the sun’s heat, leading to even more heating of the planet.

The faster ice loss means the shorter north-eastern shipping passage from China to Europe will become easier to navigate, but it also means new oil and gas extraction is more feasible.
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Re: The Oceans

#11

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... geographic
Anyone who thought the world had four oceans will now have to think again, after the National Geographic Society announced it would recognize a new Southern Ocean in Antarctica, bringing the global total to five.

The National Geographic, a non-profit scientific and educational organization whose mapping standards are referenced by many atlases and cartographers, said the Southern Ocean consists of the waters surrounding Antarctica, out to 60-degrees south latitude.

National Geographic Society geographer Alex Tait said scientists have long known that the waters surrounding Antarctica form a “distinct ecological region defined, by ocean currents and temperatures”.

Tait told the Washington Post that the span of water is yet to be officially recognized as an ocean by the relevant international body: “But we thought it was important at this point to officially recognize it.”

“People look to us for geographic fact: How many continents, how many countries, how many oceans? Up until now, we’ve said four oceans,” Tait said, referring to the Arctic, Atlantic, Indian and Pacific.
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Re: The Oceans

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Re: The Oceans

#13

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https://www.theguardian.com/australia-n ... an-thought
The Earth’s first continents rose out of the ocean 700m years earlier than previously thought, a new analysis of ancient rocks suggests.

Researchers who have studied rock sediments in eastern India believe the discovery could explain an increase in oxygen in the atmosphere, and the formation of glaciers, during that period of Earth’s history.

Analysis of sediments from Singhbhum, near Kolkata, suggests the first stable continents – known as cratons – started to emerge above sea level between 3.3 to 3.2bn years ago.

Dr Priyadarshi Chowdhury of Monash University, the study’s lead author, said the team realised the rocks must have formed on land because of the presence of features such as ripple marks – similar to the way wind and waves leave marks on a sandy beach.
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Re: The Oceans

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Post by RTH10260 »

reads like the next Hollywood catastrophe film scenario
‘The Fuse Has Been Blown,’ and the Doomsday Glacier Is Coming for Us All
Jeff Goodell
Wed, December 29, 2021, 3:00 PM·10 min read

One thing that’s hard to grasp about the climate crisis is that big changes can happen fast. In 2019, I was aboard the Nathaniel B. Palmer, a 308-foot-long scientific research vessel, cruising in front of the Thwaites Glacier in Antarctica. One day, we were sailing in clear seas in front of the glacier. The next day, we were surrounded by icebergs the size of aircraft carriers.

As we later learned from satellite images, in a matter of 48 hours or so, a mélange of ice about 21 miles wide and 15 miles deep had cracked up and scattered into the sea.

It was a spooky moment. Thwaites Glacier is the size of Florida. It is the cork in the bottle of the entire West Antarctic ice sheet, which contains enough ice to raise sea levels by 10 feet. The mélange that disintegrated was not part of the glacier itself, but a mix of icebergs and sea ice that had cozied up next to it. Still, the idea that it could just fall apart overnight was mind-blowing.

As it turns out, the ice breakup I witnessed was not a freak event. A few weeks ago, scientists participating in the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration, a $25 million five-year-long joint research program between the National Science Foundation in the U.S. and the Natural Environment Research Council in the U.K., presented their latest research. They described the discovery of cracks and fissures in the Thwaites eastern ice shelf, predicting that the ice shelf could fracture like a shattered car window in as little as five years. “It won’t scatter out into sea as quickly as what you saw when you were down there,” Erin Pettit, a glaciologist at Oregon State University and one of the lead principal investigators in the ITGC, later told me. “But the basic process is the same. The ice shelf is breaking up and could be gone in less than a decade.”

Given the ongoing war for American democracy and the deadly toll of the Covid pandemic, the loss of an ice shelf on a far-away continent populated by penguins might not seem to be big news. But in fact, the West Antarctic ice sheet is one of the most important tipping points in the Earth’s climate system. If Thwaites Glacier collapses, it opens the door for the rest of the West Antarctic ice sheet to slide into the sea. Globally, 250 million people live within three feet of high tide lines. Ten feet of sea level rise would be a world-bending catastrophe. It’s not only goodbye Miami, but goodbye to virtually every low-lying coastal city in the world.



https://www.yahoo.com/entertainment/fus ... 55846.html
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Re: The Oceans

#15

Post by Lani »

RTH10260 wrote: Fri Dec 31, 2021 8:41 am reads like the next Hollywood catastrophe film scenario
‘The Fuse Has Been Blown,’ and the Doomsday Glacier Is Coming for Us All

Given the ongoing war for American democracy and the deadly toll of the Covid pandemic, the loss of an ice shelf on a far-away continent populated by penguins might not seem to be big news. But in fact, the West Antarctic ice sheet is one of the most important tipping points in the Earth’s climate system. If Thwaites Glacier collapses, it opens the door for the rest of the West Antarctic ice sheet to slide into the sea. Globally, 250 million people live within three feet of high tide lines. Ten feet of sea level rise would be a world-bending catastrophe. It’s not only goodbye Miami, but goodbye to virtually every low-lying coastal city in the world.
l
That's depressing. It didn't help that I read another article about the melting glaciers. https://theconversation.com/the-west-an ... time-98368
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Re: The Oceans

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Post by Tiredretiredlawyer »


Rare blanket octopus spotted on Great Barrier Reef
A snorkeler spotted a rarely seen blanket octopus while filming on the Great Barrier Reef in Queensland, Australia.
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Re: The Oceans

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Post by AndyinPA »

Very cool.
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The Oceans

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I really did not know where to put this...

 ! Message from: Foggy
Moved to the Oceans thread ...
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Re: The Oceans

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Post by Volkonski »

“If everyone fought for their own convictions there would be no war.” ― Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace
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Post by AndyinPA »

That's truly scary.
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Post by Volkonski »

“If everyone fought for their own convictions there would be no war.” ― Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace
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The Oceans

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... ng-hotspot
Scientists have discovered more than 5,000 new species living on the seabed in an untouched area of the Pacific Ocean that has been identified as a future hotspot for deep-sea mining, according to a review of the environmental surveys done in the area.

It is the first time the previously unknown biodiversity of the Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a mineral-rich area of the ocean floor that spans 1.7m sq miles between Hawaii and Mexico in the Pacific, has been comprehensively documented. The research will be critical to assessing the risk of extinction of the species, given contracts for deep-sea mining in the near-pristine area appear imminent.

Most of the animals identified by researchers exploring the zone are new to science, and almost all are unique to the region: only six, including a carnivorous sponge and a sea cucumber, have been seen elsewhere.
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The Oceans

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https://www.theguardian.com/environment ... ect-london
After another catastrophic North Sea storm surge in 1953 caused floods along the east coast of England that were even more deadly – killing 307 people, including 59 at Canvey Island on the Thames estuary – discussion began about how to protect London.

Three decades later, the Thames Barrier was completed. A colossal engineering project, it spans 520 metres (1,700ft) of river near Woolwich and has so far protected 1.4 million Londoners (and about £320bn worth of properties) from more than 100 tidal floods.

The ocean, however, is rising. With sea levels forecast to creep up by as much as a metre by 2100, and more extreme weather expected in a warming world, the Environment Agency (EA) says tidal defences upstream of the barrier must be raised by 2050 – 15 years earlier than expected. It cited “heightened risk of flooding” from rising sea levels.
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The Oceans

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